Now that’s curious…
Almost half a volt difference between the surface of water below the surface. Have you ever been told that water is incapable of holding a difference of potential between the surface and the water below the surface?
Try this with any digital voltmeter. Place the negative electrode under the surface of the water and float a bit of aluminum foil on the top of the water. Connect the positive lead of the meter to the aluminum foil. If you are using distilled water from a grocery store, with a pH that approaches neutral, then you should see a negative potential on the surface with respect to the water an inch or so below the surface.
The voltage increases with sunlight too.
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